Internet Connectivity Introduction  In most organizations and networks today, Internet connectivity is no longer an additional option, but a necessity. Most organizations that have a networking environment need to provide its employees or users with some form of connectivity to the Internet. E-mail and Web sites have evolved into being important mechanisms for a vast number of organizations. Internet connectivity or connections support a company's business in a number of ways. Company employees use the Internet for a number of reasons, including the following: Exchange e-mail with other employees at Read More

The Hall effect is the creation of a potential difference perpendicular to both the current flow in a conductor and the magnetic field which pass it. The Hall effect was discovered in 1879 by Edwin Hall, an American physicist. It has many applications such as measuring current and fluid flows. How the Hall Effect Works The charge carriers moving through the magnetic field are subjected to Lorentz force that deflect them away perpendicular to their normal path. This separation of charge carriers creates a potential difference between the opposite edges. Read More

Mrtstub.exe (Mrt.exe) is a process that runs on all Windows Operating System versions. It is a malicious software that downloads and installs other malicious software. Mrtstub.exe can almost always be found directly on the computer’s primary hard drive, can hide itself in a randomly named folder, and does not have a visible window. If the user discovers Mrtstub.exe or Mrt.exe on his/her computer, it is highly recommended that the process is stopped and removed immediately.   How Mrtstub.exe Works Mrtstub.exe infiltrates the computer via third party software, temporary Internet files, Read More

A differential backup is a backup of every file on a file system which has changed since the last full backup. The alternatives to a differential backup are incremental backup and full backup. A differential backup can be an optimal middle-ground between a full backup and an incremental backup. A differential backup is not as fast as an incremental backup, but it is faster than a full backup. A differential backup requires more storage space than an incremental backup, but less than a full backup. A differential backup requires more Read More

SMS (Short Message Service) is a protocol for sending and receiving brief text messaging over digital cellular networks. Most people send SMS messages from the very small keypads on their mobile phones, and most people who receive SMS messages read them on the tiny screens of their mobile phones. Because of those considerations, and because SMS messages are limited to 160 characters, most people who use SMS learn to type messages using a number of popular SMS shortcuts. SMS Shortcuts These are some of the more common SMS shortcuts. 2D Read More

An LCD or Liquid Crystal Display is a flat, thin display device consisting of any number of pixels aligned in front of a reflector or source of light. The LCD has been widely hailed as a prized invention as it is relatively cheap and it consumes less power to function than competing techologies, making it almost indespensable in battery powered electronic devices. Types of LCDs LCDs are broadly classified as either transmissive or reflective, depending upon the position of their source of light. A transmissive LCD is illuminated by a Read More

Understanding Coexistence and Migration Co-existence occurs when you have IPv4 nodes or IPv6 nodes communicating via an IPv4 infrastructure, an IPv6 infrastructure, or an infrastructure that contains both IPv4 and IPv6. To communicate with IPv6-only nodes, IPv4-only nodes can use a translation gateway or an IPv4 to IPv6 proxy. Migration is only totally realized when all your IPv4-only nodes are converted to IPv6-only nodes. In RFC 1752, the following migration standards were specified: You can deploy IPv6-only hosts at any time. You can upgrade an existing IPv4 host to IPv6, Read More

Clean gas induction, commonly referred to as CGI, is a technology found in specific types of engines to reduce harmful environmental emissions and improve fuel efficiency. Clean gas induction technology is found in specific types of engines including stratified charge engines and engines using Caterpillar ACERT technology. It should be noted that this technology is found in engines that run on either diesel or gas. As stated above, clean gas induction is used by both gasoline and diesel engines; however, the process of fuel induction is different for each kind Read More

Socket-603 is a 603-contact CPU socket used by some Intel Xeon processors. Socket-603 supports a 400MHz Front Side Bus. The Socket-604 supports a 533Mhz Front Side Bus (FSB). The Socket-603 is a Pin Grid Array (PGA) Zero Insertion Force (ZIF) socket. A ZIF socket features a lever on one side of the socket. When this lever is pulled up, the spring contacts inside the socket are opened. This allows the CPU to be inserted easily into the socket. The lever is then pushed down, closing the spring contacts and clamping Read More

 Parental Control Settings on a PS2 allow parents to specify which movies their children are allowed to watch. While a PS2’s Parental Control Settings do not allow parents to specify times that the PS2 is accessible, they do allow parents to specify which ratings a DVD or game can have in order to be played on the PS2.   How To Access Parental Control Settings On A PS2 In order to access Parental Control Settings on a PS2, parents can enter the DVD Setup Menu, click “Custom Setup”, and select Read More