Lava is molten rock discharged from a volcano during an eruption. Volcanic eruptions are caused by the ascent of magma to the surface of the earth. When freshly discharged, lava liquid is extremely hot; temperature ranges from 1300 °Fahrenheit to 2200 ° Fahrenheit.  Lava is quite thick in nature and can flow for long distances, before congealing into igneous rock. Lava is quite destructive, causing damage to property within the vicinity of a volcano. People are not usually affected by lava due its slow moving nature. However there have been Read More

Stack and queue are data structures whose elements are ordered based on the sequence in which they have been inserted. The pop operation retrieves the last element inserted, and the remove operation retrieves the first element inserted. If there is an intrinsic order among the elements themselves (for example, numeric order or alphabetic order), it is ignored in the stack or queue operations. The priority queue is a data structure in which the intrinsic ordering of the elements does determine the result of its basic operations. There are two types Read More

Patch cables act as a patch, making an electrical or optical connection between different devices. There are many different types of patch cables, and they are usually quite short, anywhere from a few inches to several feet in length. Although they can be called patch cables, they each perform a specific function based on how they are made. A coaxial cable that connects from the wall jack to your cable television set-top box is an example of a patch cable. That cable is only useful for bridging coaxial connections (or Read More

Application and Terminal Servers Security Issues Organizations use Application servers to make data available on the network. For instance, the application server role makes Web applications and distributed applications available to users. A Web server usually contains a copy of a World Wide Web site and can also host Web based applications. Application servers can also run database and e-mail servers. Defining a standard security strategy for application servers is usually not possible because each application could indeed have its own specific security requirements. One common security configuration though is Read More

An Overview on the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Service The NNTP service is a component of IIS that supports client/server and server/server elements of NNTP. Through the NNTP service, you can implement private news servers to host discussion groups, or you can implement public news servers to provide customer support and help resources to Internet users. You can specify that users need to be authenticated to both read and post to items to newsgroups, or you can allow access to everybody. The NNTP service can also integrate with the Read More

BitTorrent is an open-source peer-to-peer protocol designed for the transfer of large files. The central philosophy underlying BitTorrent is that users should upload data (or transmit outbound) simultaneously with their downloading (accepting data or receiving inbound), which maximizes network bandwidth efficiency. BitTorrent is designed to be more efficient and will work better if there are more people interested in a specific file. Client-Server File Transfer Systems The client-server model is the most common method used when transferring files over the internet; it is the core concept governing http and file Read More

Xpnetdiag.exe is the process for an XP Network Diagnostic program that runs on the Windows XP Operating System. XP Network Diagnostic allows users to troubleshoot problems associated with LANs (Local Area Networks), WANs (Wide Area Networks), and WLANs (Wireless Local Area Networks). XP Network Diagnostic can be used when the user is no longer able to access the Internet, even though all hardware associated with the network is running properly and the user’s Internet service is still activated. Xpnetdiag.exe runs exclusively on Windows XP, though similar diagnostic programs exist for Read More

An MSN Display Name is a form of identity that is displayed to every MSN Contact that you have added. Your MSN Display Name is not viewable to people until you accept their invitation to become an MSN Contact — but if you are the one sending the invitation, the name will be viewable straight away. Your MSN Display Name can be viewed in your contacts (or your) MSN Contact List or during a Conversation (before every message sent, top bar and the status bar). Changing an MSN Display Name Read More

Notepad is a great text writing program that is available on Windows operating systems. The user can hide Notepad depending on the version of windows being used. Finding Notepad through the Start Menu List To open notepad through the start menu, follow this process: Click Start (on Vista/Windows 7 it is a Windows Button) on the task bar.  Click "All Programs" and scroll up the list to the "Accessories" menu. Click Notepad to open the program. Note: Not all versions of Microsoft Windows have the start menu in this format. Read More

WMI (Windows Management Instrumentation) is a part of the Microsoft Windows OS. Developers use Windows Management Instrumentation to create applications for event monitoring, the purpose of which is to alert PC users in case of a problem. Scripts and management applications use WMI to execute operations or get data in different languages. Programmers who work with Microsoft Visual Basis and C++ use WMI. Windows Management Instrumentation is used for finding, controlling and setting information about networks, applications and desktop systems. WMI is located in a shared service host, with other Read More