Blu-ray discs have widely replaced CDs and DVDs, though they are based on similar technology. They are superior to CDs and DVDs because they allow the user to store much more information, encode high definition audio and video, and provide support for a wide variety of codecs. Blu-Ray discs also allow users to do everything that they could with a CD or DVD, including reading, writing, and re-writing. The Blu-Ray Disc Association introduced Blu-Ray discs, which over 200 leading consumer electronics companies worldwide currently support. How Blu-Ray Discs Work Blu-Ray Read More

Covalent bonds are bonds that occur during the chemical bonding of atoms of separate elements. Pairs of electrons share their energy in a way that helps to stabilize the atoms. This helps to attract and repulse atoms to one another and is a major factor in chemical reactions. Atoms share valence electrons with each other to form chemical bonds with other atoms. This allows atoms to bond together without having to be the same element. That is, the atoms only have to be within compatible electro-negativity. When these atoms have Read More

A Karnaugh map is a graphical method or shortcut that can be used to solve Boolean algebra problems. Boolean algebra is used to conduct computations and create expressions from two values. This type of math creates the basis behind much of computer science and modern circuit card design today. Maurice Karnaugh created the current version of the Karnaugh map in the early 1950s to solve logic problems without having to use long computations. What do Karnaugh Maps Do? Karnaugh maps solve problems through pattern recognition, not computation. They shift the Read More

Many wireless providers across the globe, including AT&T/Cingular, T-Mobile, Vodafone, and Verizon sell Blackberries. When these companies sell a BlackBerry, they do so at a discount in order to attract customers. The providers then make up the lost profits over the lifetime of their contract with the customer. To protect those profits, the wireless providers configure a “subsidy lock” into each BlackBerry. The subsidy lock prevents the BlackBerry from being used on another provider’s network. BlackBerry Unlocking There are four known methods for removing the subsidy code and unlocking the Read More

All major mobile phone brands allow their users to change the ringtone to just about any sound, song, or otherwise recorded media. The iPhone gives the user the option of either choosing a default ringtone that was provided with the phone or creating a ringtone from songs that the user purchased. iPhone users generally personalize their new phone by changing their default ringtone soon after purchase. Steps to Change the iPhone Ringtone Step 1 – Change the ringtones setting on the iPhone to play different alerts based on the type Read More

80048820 is a cryptic, but very common, error message issued by MSN Messenger when it is unable to sign in. Unfortunately, there are many possible causes of error 80048820. This is somewhat of a generic error, which can make it very difficult to troubleshoot. Listed below are the most common fixes for the 80048820 error. Check that the MSN Servers are Working Before troubleshooting your system, check the MSN Messenger Server Status page to ensure that the MSN Messenger servers are operating correctly. Check your System Date and Time Open Read More

A nuclear heart scan is an excellent method to evaluate the health of your heart. Nuclear heart scans are safe and extremely effective for diagnosing specific kinds of heart conditions. The process of having a nuclear scan is relatively simple and in most cases is painless. During a nuclear heart scan, a radioactive tracer (which is safe) is injected into a vein in your arm. This tracer circulates throughout the bloodstream and travels to the heart. As the tracer element circulates through the heart, special cameras scan the heart and Read More

To insert an element in the list, the first task is to create a new node, assign the element to be inserted to the info field of the node, and then place the new node at the appropriate position by adjusting the appropriate pointers. Insertion in the list can take place at the following positions: At the beginning of the list At the end of the list After a given element Insertion at the Beginning of the List First, test whether the linked list is initially empty, if yes, then Read More

AMD64 is a set of 64-bit extensions to AMD x86-compatible microprocessors. AMD64 extends the industry-standard x86 instruction set architecture while maintaining full compatibility with existing x86 applications. The 64-bit architecture of AMD64 enables applications to utilize up to 256 terabytes of memory, overcoming the 4 gigabytes limitation of 32-bit processors. AMD64 doubles the number of general purpose registers to 16 and doubles their size to 64-bits. AMD64 also doubles the number of 128-bit XMM registers to 16. AMD64 includes support for SSE and SSE2 instructions. Later releases of AMD64 add Read More

Msicuu2.exe is the Windows Installer Cleanup Utility process, a program found in many older Windows versions that forcibly uninstalls programs that refuse to be removed through the Windows Control Panel’s Add/Remove feature. While the Windows Installer Cleanup Utility was discontinued in 2010 due to problems associated with Office 2007, many people still use it. Msicuu2.exe can be found in the primary hard drive’s Program Files folder and works with all 32 and 64-bit versions of the Windows Operating System, though it was not designed for Windows Vista or Windows 7. Read More