A printed circuit board (PCB) is a thin board "printed" with electrical wires and made from fiber glass or similar material. PCBs are commonly used in computer devices such as motherboards, network interface cards, and RAM chips. They are relatively cheap and quite fast. When the PCB is fabricated with several layers placed over one another, it is known as a multilayer PCB. The multiple layers establish a reliable set of predetermined interconnections for the electronic circuits. There are several techniques that can be used to accomplish this task. Some Read More

Socket-478 is a 478-contact CPU socket used by some Intel Celeron, Pentium 4, and Pentium 4 Extreme Edition CPU’s. Socket-478 supports a 100MHz, 133Mhz, or 200Mhz Front Side Bus. The Socket-478 is a Pin Grid Array (PGA) Zero Insertion Force (ZIF) socket. A ZIF socket features a lever on one side of the socket. When this lever is pulled up, the spring contacts inside the socket are opened. This allows the CPU to be inserted easily into the socket. The lever is then pushed down, closing the spring contacts and Read More

Satellite Internet is an alternative to dialup, ISDN, DSL, or cable Internet. Satellite Internet is extremely interesting to customers who cannot get DSL or cable Internet. Satellite Internet offers broadband speeds, but suffers from high latency due to long round-trip times made necessary by the distance to geostationary satellites. The latency issues related to satellite Internet can be significantly reduced through the use of caches and protocol accelerators. Types of Satellite Internet The two main types of satellite Internet are those in which the return path is sent using dial-up Read More

iSCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface) is an IP-based storage networking standard that allows users to access data stored on a remote server from a number of computers within a specific network by linking computers over the Internet. It transfers data over local area networks, wide area networks, and the Internet. iSCSI places a shortcut on the user’s computer in order to provide the illusion that a user is storing data on his/her computer while the data is actually stored and retrieved from a remote server or a remote computer’s Read More

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a technical standard for accessing information over a mobile wireless network. A WAP browser is a web browser for mobile devices that use the protocol. Before the introduction of WAP, mobile service providers had limited opportunities to offer interactive data services, but required interactivity to support Internet and applications such as: Email by mobile phone Tracking of stock-market prices Sports results News headlines Music downloads WAP Clients WAP clients exist for platforms as varied as PalmOS, EPOC, Windows CE, FLEXOS, OS/9, and JavaOS. WAP Networks Read More

There are a number of vibration sources throughout the world. In most cases, these movements have undesirable effects on things used in daily life, such as buildings and vehicles. Vibration isolators reduce or eliminate the effects of vibrations on equipment and structures. These devices are commonly referred to as shock mounts, snubbers, machine mounts, and Faraday cages (in the semiconductor industry). Vibration isolators are made from various materials, depending on their function. Some of these materials include rubber, metal alloys, neoprene, and fiberglass. How do Vibration Isolators Work? Most vibration Read More

A teleconference bridge is the equipment which is used for allowing three or more people to communicate with each other at the same time. It is used for establishing conferences on phone as it allows a number of people to communicate with each other at the same time. A teleconference bridge connects multiple incoming lines so as to have a number of people connected together, and so, it's used for establishing video-conferences, audio conferences and also for conducting meetings and seminars. In order to establish a conference call, a person Read More

Data recovery is the process of retrieving information that has been lost due to system malfunction, accidental deletion, or virus manipulation. This article will explain how data recovery works and how to prevent data loss to begin with, along with introducing you to a few types of data recovery software. What is Data Recovery Data recovery is the process of obtaining lossed information due to a variety of incidents. Often enough, files get accidentally deleted, corrupted, or lossed due to computers restarting, virus manipulation, or other system malfunctions. When the Read More

Most people characterize home entertainment as both audio and video components that can play a variety of media in a comfortable and convenient home setting. Some people might say that a home theater system is synonymous with home entertainment. A home theater system is where both audio and video work together to produce a cinema experience in the comfort of your own home. Home Theaters Systems Most home theater systems have two components; an audio component and a video component. In a home theater system, both of these components work Read More

Distributed computing refers to the means by which a single computer program runs in more than one computer at the same time. In particular, the different elements and objects of a program are being run or processed using different computer processors. Distributed computing is similar to parallel computing and grid computing. Parallel computing, though, refers to running a single program using a minimum of two processors that belong to one computer. Grid computing, on the other hand, refers to a more dedicated distributed computing setup – one whose computer ‘members’ Read More