A PKI certificate, which stands for Public Key Infrastructure certificate, allows someone to combine their digital signature with a public key and something that identifies them, an example being their real life name. This certificate is used to allow computer users to show that they do own the public keys they claim to. In other words, it is a security mechanism for public keys. As mentioned before, a digital signature is required for the PKI certificate. This signature can either be made by an authority figure who assigns the certificates, Read More

Although radios have become less and less of a household commodity due to television, Internet, and media players, they are still used on a daily basis by millions of people worldwide. We tend to take these little devices, which we find in our cars, offices, or homes, for granted, but rarely think about how they actually work. AM and FM radios are the common type of radios we find in our homes. They communicate by means of radio waves – hence the name – which is the lowest frequency of the Read More

Anyone who has conducted or participated in a telephone conference call knows how noise can interrupt the meeting. There are a number of ways to prevent some types of noise from ever occurring, as well as ways to quickly eliminate noise if it does occur during a call. Before the Call Most noise issues on conference calls are caused by equipment used to access the conference. Avoid using a cheap phone that you know will provide poor sound quality on a point to point phone call. Those imperfections will be Read More

Unix users write, edit, list, and remove cron jobs using the `crontab` command. `crontab -e` takes users into their default editor to edit their crontab entries. `crontab -l` lists their crontab. `crontab -r` removes their crontab. crontab Security If the cron.allow file exists, then the user must be listed in that file in order to be allowed to use the `crontab` command. If the cron.allow file does not exist but the cron.deny file does, then the user must not be listed in the cron.deny file in order to use this Read More

Although video content stored in DVD format is high quality, it is saved uncompressed and bloated in size. Additionally, a single DVD movie will typically be saved in a number of files that require the device playing the content to be capable of direct DVD playback. A common task that arises for end-users is converting DVD to MPEG format in order to save hard drive space and support play-back on portable multi-media devices. The conversion task can be accomplished using commercial or open source software such as the DVDx project. Read More

Joining a network on Facebook is a great way to show one’s affiliation with a group of related individuals. Networks were initially intended to be used for affiliations with a current school or learning institution, but have since expanded into businesses and various other types of supported networks. Joining a network is simple and can be done quickly through the Facebook user interface. It is important to join supported networks to give an upgraded experience with Facebook networking. In addition to being able to see friends’ profiles who have confirmed Read More

The difference between Bit and Baud rate is complicated and intertwining. Both are dependent and inter-related. But the simplest explanation is that a Bit Rate is how many data bits are transmitted per second. A baud Rate is the number of times per second a signal in a communications channel changes. Bit rates measure the number of data bits (that is 0’s and 1’s) transmitted in one second in a communication channel. A figure of 2400 bits per second means 2400 zeros or ones can be transmitted in one second, Read More

An IDU, or In-Door Unit, is a telecommunication device that is used in satellite television and Internet service to receive and decode satellite transmissions. An IDU is a box that connects to the user’s television and/or router and contains a built-in satellite receiver that may also be connected to a satellite dish on the roof or exterior wall of the user’s home. An IDU is responsible for receiving the satellite signals broadcasted by the user’s satellite service provider and decoding them in order to provide the user with satellite television Read More

What is a QR Code? Before answering the question about how QR codes work, it is important to first understand what a QR code is. In 1994, a Japanese corporation unveiled the Quick Response technology. It has since become one of the most popular two dimensional barcode available and is believed to be faster than the common one found in the United States. Studies have shown that QR code allow for the information enclosed in them to be downloaded significantly faster. At first, they appeared mostly in automobile parts to Read More

Gimp Tutorials We have compiled a few Gimp tutorials that might come in handy for your personal or work related needs. From photo resizing,photo editing, adding a user bar, creating abstract signs and so on. We will continually update this post when there’s new tutorial that comes up. By the way, Gimp is the a free photo editing software that has lots of uses. See below for some of its features and tutorials. How To Convert Photoshop Brushes To Gimp Here’s a tutorial on how to Convert Photoshop Brushes To Read More