Shoulder surfing is a security attack that is implemented by observing a victim as he/she enters a PIN, fills out a form, or performs another activity that exposes their confidential information. A shoulder surfer may observe a victim by looking over their shoulder, taking pictures, or using binoculars from a distance. For example, credit card fraud is usually started by taking a picture of a victim’s credit/debit card as he/she is standing in line at a store and then using the numbers on the card to make purchases over the Read More

A WPS file is a word processing file created with Microsoft Works, a word processor discontinued in 2010. Microsoft Works was the primary default word processing software for the Windows Operating System before Microsoft Word and other Microsoft Office applications were released. While Microsoft Works was similar to Microsoft Word, it lacked many of Microsoft Word’s advanced features such as spell check, highlighting, font colors, tables, ClipArt, and layout options. Because of this, WPS files are rare and are usually converted into DOC, DOCX, or another word processing format. What Read More

Troubleshooting VPN Services Overview Troubleshooting VPNs typically encompass troubleshooting of the following configuration settings, or aspects of your remote access strategy: IP connectivity. Setting up of remote access connections IPSec IP routing To create VPN connections, there are a few requirements that have to be met: VPN services need to be enabled on the server. VPN client software has to be installed on the VPN client. A VPN client utilizes the Internet, tunneling and TCP/IP protocols to establish a connection to the network The server and client have to be Read More

A printer that will not connect and/or displays the “Printer Offline” error message can be a nuisance, especially if the user has tried everything he/she can think of in order to fix it. Fortunately, users have several techniques at their disposal to repair this problem.   Ensure that Cables are Connected Although this is the first thing most users do, the user should ensure that all of his/her printer’s cables are connected to the computer. Most users tend to simply check to see if his/her cables are connected to the Read More

Systems that use 5.1 channel speakers are used for surround sound applications and have been steadily growing in popularity throughout the audio industry for use in theaters and residences alike. 5.1 channel speakers produce sound that can be heard from all directions around a listener, simulating the effects of real sounds. 5.1 channel speakers are especially popular for 3D movie applications, which aid in the realism of the film. Since the advent of 5.1 channel speakers, however, the introduction of 7.1 channel speakers and 8 channel speakers to the market Read More

A common problem that arises for computer users is dealing with the USB Device not recognized error. This error is thrown after an electronic device is connected to the computer or USB hub but is not automatically detected. When the error occurs, the Windows Device Manager may also list the component as an “unknown device” depending on the nature of the error. Although more commonly encountered on Windows computers, Mac OS X users can also experience the equivalent error when connecting new or legacy peripheries to their computer(s). What Are Read More

A NAS, or Network-Attached Storage, device is a type of hardware that allows all users in a network to store files to the same storage device. A NAS device is often used by companies who have large amounts of data that need to be accessed by multiple users within the same network. NAS devices are also used by home users but they are more common in companies. NAS devices may include one hard drive for direct storage or multiple hard drives for RAID-5 storage in order to store redundant files Read More

A VOB (Video Object) file is based on the MPEG format, although it has certain limitations. A VOB file may contain MPEG-1 Part 2 or H 262/MPEG-2 Part 2 video, MPEG-2 audio layer II or MPEG-1 audio layer II audio. However, there are several restrictions in a VOB file, when it comes to usage of these formats. VOB files can contain DTS or AC 3 audio, liner PCM or subtitles, but can’t contain MPEG-4 formats or AAC. VOB files are widely used in production of DVDs. How to Burn a Read More

International Business Machines (IBM) is one of the oldest and is the largest Information Technology (IT) companies in existence today. It currently employs over 300,000 employees worldwide. IBM covers a huge range of IT related products and services which include servers, software services, hosting services, infrastructure services and consulting services in key domains that vary from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. It has constantly re-invented itself to suit the ever-changing IT market. History of IBM IBM had its origin in the Tabulating Machine Company established by Herman Hollerith in 1896. It Read More

A phobia is an anxiety that is characterized by an incredibly extreme fear of things that would normally be very easy for an individually to handle. A phobia is an irrational fear towards something. It might be normal to fear dogs, but when an individual is unwilling to go anywhere near dogs and the phobia gets in the way of life, it is considered a series phobia. When it comes to phobias, researchers don't have a determined cause of phobias. However, after years of research, what clinical psychologists have determined Read More