Spintronics is an emerging technology that deals with the intrinsic spin of an electron and the associated magnetic moment in solid-state devices. The technology is also referred to as magneto electronics or spin transport electronics. Current research is focused on the development of a new generation of spintronic devices that will be more robust and versatile than those currently contained in circuit elements and silicon chips. How does Spintronics Work? A spintronic device has a basic scheme. First, information is stored into spins as an orientation (i.e. up or down). Read More

A computer virus is designed to infect computer files through self-replication, and is able to infect other computers on its own. Viruses infect computers through boot sectors of portable drives, email attachments, other files, and by exploiting vulnerabilities in instant messaging and other real-time communication systems online. Not all computer viruses harm computers, but many steal the user’s private information. Although every computer virus is designed a bit differently, there is a common method of removing viruses from computers. How to Remove Viruses Removing viruses, though technical, is yet a Read More

C++ has an operator that can be used as an alternative to an if-statement. This operator is called the conditional operator (?:). This operator can be used to replace an if-else statement of the following general form: if(expression) {      statements ;      –      – } else {      statements ;      –      – } The above form of if-else can be alternatively written using ?: as follows, expression1 ? expression2 : expression3 ; It works in the same way an if-statement executes. The execution is in the following manner, expression1 is evaluated If Read More

QWERTY is the most used modern-day layout for a keyboard using the English language. The name comes from the fact that the first six letters on the top row of letters on a keyboard is QWERTY. While QWERTY was designed to reduce clash bar in type writers, there has not been an alternate that was good enough to remove the QWERTY style. Because of that, modern day computers still use QWERTY for their keyboards. The primary reason that QWERTY was developed was to prevent jams. When the type writer was Read More

Microsoft Word comes with a large collection of fonts that can be used for word processing. However, there are times when other fonts are wanted. To get these requires downloading different fonts from the Internet. Some of these are free, but there are premium fonts that can be quite expensive. Typically, a free font can handle most of the things an individual wants to do. Adding New Fonts The very first step is to find the font that you want to use. There are many different sites on the web Read More

Lightning can be described as a massive discharge of electrical energy that can reach the speed of 130,000 mph and can exceed temperatures of 30,000 degrees Celsius. Although we know a lot about this phenomenon, it is still unclear how and why lightning forms. We will mention some of the theories on how lightning is created. History In June 1756, Benjamin Franklin attached a silk string to a kite and launched it during a thunderstorm. He then attached the string to a key and tied it to a post. As Read More

Millions of people use monitoring systems and devices for several purposes. Monitoring systems and devices have been around for quite some time and are designed to increase the level of security and protection in facilities. Among the technologies that the cell phone industry created, the cell phone interceptor is what experts consider one of the most innovative and valuable. Cell Phone Interceptors Used for Monitoring The cell phone interceptor is one of the latest inventions that the cell phone industry introduced. The primary aim of developing this unit is to Read More

An error that most iTunes users will come across at some point is the “iTunes Network Connection Timed Out.” When this error is encountered, there are typically two root causes for the issue: 1 – There is an Internet connection issue or 2 – There is a computer security application or other program blocking the connection between the iTunes application and the Apple servers. Common iTunes Network Connection Timed Out Errors The network connection timed out error and related problems are commonly reported by consumers when trying to update their Read More

FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) is an open source audio file format that is royalty free and supported by a number of multi-media playback programs. The FLAC format; however, is not widely usable in popular MP3 players and gaming consoles that support music playback. As a result, a common task that arises for end-users is to convert FLAC to MP3 in order to use the music on the iPhone, Zune player, iPad, and iPod devices. Steps to Convert FLAC to MP3 Using Bigasoft One of the popular third party applications Read More

Importing data to MS Excel is the process of transferring data from other database sources and converting it into .xls format. This process eliminates the need to manually enter every item into a new Excel worksheet. Importing data therefore saves the user a lot of time and reduces human error. The source data is called internal data source if it is located in files or folders in a personal computer. Importing Data through the Import Data Functionality On a new Microsoft Excel worksheet, click the Taskbar menu labeled Data then Read More