Every time you sign up for a new service, change a password, or do anything that has to do with personal information online, there are activation codes. These codes are sent to your email address, and you have to click on them to activate the account or confirm the change. Most websites out there use these in some form. Usage These codes are usually http addresses that need to be clicked on – then a new window will be opened. After that, and depending on the website, the user may Read More

DDR2 SDRAM, an abbreviation for double data rate two synchronous dynamic random access memory, is a type of a random access memory (RAM) commonly used in personal computers and various digital electronics today. This offspring from the SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random access memory), a part of DRAM (dynamic random access memory), is like an evolution from the DDR SDRAM; it can operate the external data bus twice as fast as its predecessor. This was possible by abandoning the original clock rate of the DDR, and operating the memory cells at Read More

Exoskeletons, in the natural state, refer to the hard shell or 'skins' of insects (such as beetles and cockroaches) and crustaceans (shrimps and crabs). An exoskeleton is a hard outer structure which provides form, structure, protection, and support to the 'soft' inner workings of a creature. This is unlike that of birds and other animals (including humans) where the skeleton is "internal" – the bones and internal organs are covered by skin, fur or feathers. The key difference is protection. The exoskeleton in insects and crabs act as armor for Read More

A smart antenna is one that transmits or receives multiple radio frequencies at once. Smart antennas increase data transfer rates and reduce errors by handling several copies of the same information. Conventional antenna systems consist of one antenna that serves as a transmitter and one that serves as a receiver. This is starting to change, however, as smart antenna systems are introduced. The three most common smart antenna systems are 1) SIMO (Single Input Multiple Output), in which one antenna is used as the transmitter and two or more are Read More

The Trademark symbol “™” is commonly used with goods as a method of preventing counterfeiting. It is basically the letters “TM” in a superscript form, which denotes that whatever is set before it is the trademark. Companies that use the Trademark symbol usually file private lawsuits against counterfeiters. There is no requirement for adding a Trademark symbol to anything as it can be added without formal registration. Anyone can place the Trademark symbol behind a phrase, selection of words, image, or graphics and claim it as a Trademark. Creating the Read More

Satellite television networks currently available in the United States include FTA, TVRO, DBS, and DSS. DBS (Direct Broadcast Satellite) EchoStar's Dish Network utilizes DBS technology to distribute paid programming over Ku Band. DSS (Direct Satellite Service) DSS is actually a type of DBS. DirecTV uses DSS technology to provide paid programming over Ku band. FTA (Free To Air) Some television networks transmit in the clear over C Band and Ku Band. In addition to scheduled programming, many television networks use these frequencies for backhauls, which is transmitting unedited video from Read More

Owning a Blackberry enables its owners to do much more than they could ever accomplish with a basic cell phone. However, one of the most popular features that have carried over from basic cell phone to the BlackBerry is the ability to add ring tones. In earlier models adding ring tones to your Blackberry was quite difficult or not available, however today, if you operate a BlackBerry or later model that uses 4.1 operating system, adding MP3 ring tones is quite simple, here are some tips. 1. Start Up Your Read More

A USB WiFi antenna is a device that provides a computer with access to the Internet when in range of a WiFi access point. It also refers to a USB-based wireless adapter that also provides a computer with Internet access but connects to specific wireless routers rather than public WiFi access points. USB WiFi antennas connect to a computer via a male-to-female USB connection and depend on Plug and Play technology to automatically install themselves and run on the host machine.   How USB WiFi Antennas Work A USB WiFi Read More

A DirecTV access card is a type of electronic card, roughly the size of a credit card, which provides programming to subscribers. DirecTV access cards may be provided to a customer along with his/her receiver box or separately, but must be activated before any programming can be used. When the user chooses a package and provides DirecTV with a payment method, DirecTV will activate the access card, which can then be inserted in the top-right corner of the DirecTV receiver box in order to provide programming to the subscriber.   Read More

Folding DNA to create different two or three dimensional shapes while at the nano level of size is known as DNA origami. By relying on the interactions between complementary base pairs, one is able to manipulate a long strain of DNA and force it to fold and twist in such a way as to create different designs. The original project required a process of taking a long strain of viral DNA and bending it and twisting it with the help of staple strands. These strands would bind to the long Read More