Unlike what some people imagine with laser tattoo removals and the myth of the skin being burned, it is actually a simple process of the laser making short pulses of intense light which passes through the top layers of the skin. This passing is basically absorbed by the tattoo pigments. The energy fragments the pigments into small pieces, which are later, naturally removed by the body’s immune system. Intense research in laser tattoo removing has been done to find the ideal frequency to remove the skin’s pigments, so that the Read More

This Ethernet cable can be used to connect a network interface card (NIC) to an Ethernet switch or hub. They transmit data using the Ethernet protocol. Ethernet cables have RJ-45 jacks on both ends, each with 8 pins (They look similar to telephone jacks, which use 4 pins or 6 pins). Equipment using an Ethernet cable is referred to as wired. The most popular Ethernet cable in current use, Category 5 or CAT5, supports both traditional and Fast Ethernet. The Category 5e (CAT5e) cable supports Gigabit Ethernet. This cable is Read More

TOSLINK or Toshiba – LINK is a connection standard for digital audio streams. It is a standard which uses fiber optic cables. The important feature of fiber optic cables is that they convert audio signals into light impulses as opposed to electric signals. TOSLINK cables usually transmit their signals as the red LED lights. The TOSLINK standard was first developed by Toshiba to provide connections in its CS players. It soon caught on and became the most popular connection format for audio signals. It is mainly used to connect CD Read More

Bolometers find and measure very small amounts of electromagnetic radiation. They are also referred to as actinic balances and measure electromagnetic radiation in radio, ultraviolet, and gamma ray forms. Since their first use, bolometers have been modified to detect other particles and to be used in physics experiments. Who Invented the Bolometer? Samuel Pierpont Langley invented the bolometer in the late 1800s. The first bolometer was used with a telescope in order to measure infrared radiation on the Moon and other astronomical objects. It consisted of two chambers with platinum Read More

VoIP (Voice over IP) includes communication protocols, technologies and techniques of transmission used for multimedia sessions and voice communication via IP networks. Other terms used synonymously with ‘Voice over IP’ include broadband phone, voice over broadband and Internet telephony.  How Does VoIP Work? VoIP calls require media channel setup, analog voice signal digitalization, encoding, packeting and transmission of IP packets via packet-switched network. On the receiving end, there will also be packet-decoding, conversion of analog signals to digital signals, and IP packets reception. VoIP uses audio codecs that encode speech Read More

The vi editor (visual editor) is one of the oldest and more popular text editors on computers running the Unix Operating System (OS). The vi editor can be used from any computer terminal interfacing with a computer running Unix, since the editor relies on the standard alphabet keys for specific commands. Since vi is not a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) text editor, it does not provide the formatting capabilities word processors do for paragraph indentations, font, and line centering. New vi users need to learn the Read More

As its name suggests, a laser level is a leveler that illuminates a horizontal plane using a laser. It was originally developed by an inventor named Steve Orosz. The laser level works by being stationed on a tripod. This projector also has a rotatable head with a mirror, so that the laser beam can also sweep across the vertical axis. It is adjusted through the many visually interpretable level vials and the numerous screws that must be manually adjusted by a human for correction projection. Then, a staff with an Read More

Spintronics is an emerging technology that deals with the intrinsic spin of an electron and the associated magnetic moment in solid-state devices. The technology is also referred to as magneto electronics or spin transport electronics. Current research is focused on the development of a new generation of spintronic devices that will be more robust and versatile than those currently contained in circuit elements and silicon chips. How does Spintronics Work? A spintronic device has a basic scheme. First, information is stored into spins as an orientation (i.e. up or down). Read More

A computer virus is designed to infect computer files through self-replication, and is able to infect other computers on its own. Viruses infect computers through boot sectors of portable drives, email attachments, other files, and by exploiting vulnerabilities in instant messaging and other real-time communication systems online. Not all computer viruses harm computers, but many steal the user’s private information. Although every computer virus is designed a bit differently, there is a common method of removing viruses from computers. How to Remove Viruses Removing viruses, though technical, is yet a Read More

C++ has an operator that can be used as an alternative to an if-statement. This operator is called the conditional operator (?:). This operator can be used to replace an if-else statement of the following general form: if(expression) {      statements ;      –      – } else {      statements ;      –      – } The above form of if-else can be alternatively written using ?: as follows, expression1 ? expression2 : expression3 ; It works in the same way an if-statement executes. The execution is in the following manner, expression1 is evaluated If Read More