Structure is a collection of variables referenced under a common name. Sometimes, some logically related elements need to be treated under one single unit. For instance, the elements that store student information (e.g., rollnumber, name, class, marks and grade) need to be processed together under one roof. Defining a structure: struct tag-name { Member1 ; Member2 ; Member3 ; } ; struct is a required keyword to define a structure. tag-name is the name that identifies the structure. member1, member2 and member3 are the members of the structure. Complex data Read More

The AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) media format is the default music encoding for the iTunes media player. AAC is a higher quality format than the legacy MP3 format and has the ability to provide up to 48 channels of audio while being capable of supporting a greater frequency range than the MP3 format. A common task for consumers is to convert MP3 to AAC format to support play-back on iDevices such as iPhones, iPads, and iPods. Convert MP3 to AAC Using iTunes Step 1 – Launch the iTunes media application Read More

Telephone wires are easy to work with and very safe due to the low voltages involved. The most complex part of installing telephone wires is complying with the defined standards. When installing additional telephone wires into an existing facility, it is usually best to determine which telephone wiring standard is currently in use and conform to that standard. When installing telephone wiring into a new facility, EIA/TIA T586A is the standard to utilize. How the Wire Gets into a Residence Historically, telephone companies ran telephone wires above ground with telephone Read More

Configuring Dial-up Connections and Dial-up Entries Before you can configure ISA Server dial-up connections, you have to create the necessary policy elements. ISA Server dial-up connections are typically configured when you want to access services that are not Web services, on clients that do not have the Firewall Client installed. These services are usually the Post Office Protocol (POP3) service or the Network News Transfer Protocols (NNTP). When you create dial-up entries, you can apply connection rules and policies for these connections with ISA Server. A dial-up entry uses policy Read More

A phototransistor is a device that converts light energy into electric energy. Phototransistors are similar to photoresistors but produce both current and voltage, while photoresistors only produce current. This is because a phototransistor is made of a bipolar semiconductor and focuses the energy that is passed through it. Photons (light particles) activate phototransistors and are used in virtually all electronic devices that depend on light in some way. How a Phototransistor Works A phototransistor is a bipolar device that is completely made of silicon or another semi-conductive material and is Read More

Mozilla Firefox is a web browser that the Mozilla Foundation runs and NetScape owns. It provides users with add-ons and plug-ins that other web browsers do not, while allowing them to browse the Internet, search for and read email, and play online games. Mozilla Firefox also provides users with advanced options for controlling how webpages are displayed and recorded, as well as how they interact with computers. These advanced options are easy to access and do not require the user to have an advanced understanding of web options.   How Read More

The motherboard is the most essential component in a personal computer. It is the piece of hardware that contains the computer’s micro-processing chip and everything attached to it is vital to making the computer run. The term “mainboard” is also sometimes used to refer to the motherboard . Motherboard Components The motherboard is the flat, rectangular piece of circuit board inside the computer’s case to which everything seems to connect to for one reason or another. It contains the following key components: A microprocessor “socket” that defines what kind of Read More

Frequency modulation is a type of modulation where the frequency of the carrier is varied in accordance with the modulating signal. The amplitude of the carrier remains constant. The information-bearing signal (the modulating signal) changes the instantaneous frequency of the carrier. Since the amplitude is kept constant, FM modulation is a low-noise process and provides a high quality modulation technique which is used for music and speech in hi-fidelity broadcasts. In addition to hi-fidelity radio transmission, FM techniques are used for other important consumer applications such as audio synthesis and Read More

A barcode scanner (which may also be referred to as a barcode reader) is a piece of electronic equipment that can read printed barcodes. Barcodes are used to manage and track a wide variety of items, ranging from grocery store items to cars to insects such as bees. A barcode scanner uses a lens, light source and photo conductor to translate optical impulses to electrical impulses. Main Types of Barcode Scanners Fixed Position: A fixed position barcode scanner is used by distributors and manufacturers. This type of barcode scanner can Read More

Biological computers are special types of microcomputers that are specifically designed to be used for medical applications. The biological computer is an implantable device that is mainly used for tasks like monitoring the body's activities or inducing therapeutic effects, all at the molecular or cellular level. The biological computer is made up of RNA (Ribonucleic Acid – an important part in the synthesis of protein from amino acids), DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid – nucleic acid molecule that contains the important genetic information that is used by the body for the construction Read More