A MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) is a device that switches or amplifies an electronic signal. MOSFET technology has made computers much smaller and more efficient than they once were by handling large amounts of electricity in very small spaces. MOSFETs are also crucial for both digital and analog signals and are found in microprocessors, integrated circuits, and other logic-based devices. How a MOSFET Works MOSFET transistors consist of a semiconductive layer and a metal layer that oxygen separates. These layers can also be referred to as source, Read More

Telephone voltage is actually related to the physical distance at which you can operate the telephone. If the voltage is high, it can signal to great distance. However, higher voltage carries certain risks. 48 V is a compromise between distance and safety. 50-52 V is used in central office common batteries, but designations and documents still use the nominal voltage. In the 20th century, some rural areas in theU.S. used range extenders. They operated at 130 V. The goal was to achieve reliable signaling. Some of the systems used in Read More

Loop start is a a signaling technique in which a party gets a dial tone by closing (shorting) a DC current loop. In a loop start signaling system, the electrical loop between your telephone and your central office (CO) is normally open. When you pick up the telephone handset, it causes a circuit to be closed — creating a loop. Loop start signaling is normally used POTS (Plain Old Telephone System) lines and key-switch systems. The most common alternative to loop start is ground start. Advantages and Disadvantages Unlike ground Read More

A default keychain binds to an Administrator password upon creation and will continue to update when the Administrator password is updated via the Accounts menu. When someone forgets his/her password and is forced to utilize other means to reset it (See FAQ entitled: How do I reset a Mac OS X System Administrator (root) Password?), he/she will no longer be able to use any keychain that had a password bound to the lost password. Navigate to /Applications/Utilities/ Locate and double click the icon entitled Keychain access. This will launch a Read More

The global catalog is a distributed data repository that is stored in global catalog servers and issued via multimaster replication. It basically is composed of a representation (partial) of every object in the multidomain Active Directory forest that can also be searched. The global catalog is used because searches can be made faster because they don't need to go through the hassle of involving referrals to different domain controllers. In addition, the global catalog allows finding an object that you wish without needing to know the object's domain name. This Read More

A wide variety of Wi-Fi software tools are available. These tools for Wi-Fi perform functions such as: Wireless network discovery Wireless network mapping Wireless network traffic analysis Wireless network RF signal strength monitoring Wireless network encryption cracking Wireless network custom frame generation Dictionary or brute force attacks against wireless networks Denial of Service (DoS) attacks against wireless networks These Wi-Fi software tools are available for a variety of platforms: Wi-Fi Software Tools for Multiple Platforms Wi-Fi Software Tools for Windows Wi-Fi Software Tools for Unix Wi-Fi Software Tools for Mac Read More

A PRI (Primary Rate Interface) is a telecommunication standard used in the Integrated Services Digital Network or ISDN for carrying multiple DS0 voice and data transmissions between two physical locations. PRI was developed specifically for industrial or large quantity users. It is an industrial ISDN line, while the Basic Rate Interface, or BRI, caters to home and small enterprises. Both Primary Rate Interface and Basic Rate Interface are made up of a number of B channels and D channels. The B Channel (Bearer Channel) is used for data transmission, including Read More

Microsoft Silverlight is a plug-in that is available for multiple browsers as well as multiple operating systems. It provides websites with interactivity. Microsoft Silverlight provides high quality video and low latency audio to create highly interactive databases and user interfaces for a number of applications. For example, most government websites such as the common county’s jail inmate database use Silverlight to allow users to easily search through public records and access relevant images, videos, and audio clips.   Silverlight For Mac Since Microsoft Silverlight was designed for cross-platform use, it Read More

Methyl Iodide is a chemical compound that is relatively volatile. It is commonly found in the form of a dense, colorless liquid. It is also known as iodomethane and has the chemical formula CH3I (one carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms and a single iodine atom connected to it). Methyl iodide is a naturally occurring chemical compound that rice plantations emit in small amounts. Methyl Iodide Properties Methyl Iodide is a colorless liquid that turns purple when exposed to light for a long period of time because it is an Read More

A function is a named unit of a group of program statements. This unit can be invoked from other parts of the program. A programmer can solve a simple problem in C++ with a single function. Difficult and complex problems can be decomposed into sub-problems, each of which can be either coded directly or further decomposed. Decomposing difficult problems, until they are directly code-able as single C++ functions, is a software engineering method of stepwise refinement. These functions are combined into other functions and are ultimately used in main() to Read More