Burning a CD or DVD is rather easy to do but may be complicated for inexperienced users. The first thing the user needs to do is purchase RW disks that can hold as much information is as needed. The user should make sure that the disks are CD-RW and not CD-R, as RW disks can be rewritten many times while R disks can only be written to once and if the user does not perform a proper burn, the disk becomes worthless. The next step is to download and install Read More

SDR SDRAM is Single Data Rate SDRAM. SDR SDRAM is the original SDRAM standard, which has since been replaced by DDR SDRAM. DDR SDRAM doubles the bandwidth of SDR DRAM by transferring data twice per cycle on both edges of the clock signal, implementing burst mode data transfer. Standard SDR SDRAM DIMMs SDR SDRAM is normally packaged in DIMM modules. SDRAM DIMM modules are sold according to clock speed (MHz), bus speed (megatransfers per second), and transfer rate (megabytes per second. DIMM Module Chip Type Clock Speed Bus Speed Transfer Read More

We all use electronic devices, whether they are mobile phones, computer routers, MP3 players, cable boxes, etc. These electronic devices include hardware, the physical electronic components and software, programs that help these components run effectively. Firmware is a mix of both. Firmware Firmware is usually defined as a type of program that runs within an electronic device. Firmware is not categorized either as hardware or software, but a mix of both. The reason firmware is considered a combination of both categories is that firmware employs an executable program (.exe) and Read More

Socket-478 is a 478-contact CPU socket used by some Intel Celeron, Pentium 4, and Pentium 4 Extreme Edition CPU’s. Socket-478 supports a 100MHz, 133Mhz, or 200Mhz Front Side Bus. The Socket-478 is a Pin Grid Array (PGA) Zero Insertion Force (ZIF) socket. A ZIF socket features a lever on one side of the socket. When this lever is pulled up, the spring contacts inside the socket are opened. This allows the CPU to be inserted easily into the socket. The lever is then pushed down, closing the spring contacts and Read More

iSCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface) is an IP-based storage networking standard that allows users to access data stored on a remote server from a number of computers within a specific network by linking computers over the Internet. It transfers data over local area networks, wide area networks, and the Internet. iSCSI places a shortcut on the user’s computer in order to provide the illusion that a user is storing data on his/her computer while the data is actually stored and retrieved from a remote server or a remote computer’s Read More

Data recovery is the process of retrieving information that has been lost due to system malfunction, accidental deletion, or virus manipulation. This article will explain how data recovery works and how to prevent data loss to begin with, along with introducing you to a few types of data recovery software. What is Data Recovery Data recovery is the process of obtaining lossed information due to a variety of incidents. Often enough, files get accidentally deleted, corrupted, or lossed due to computers restarting, virus manipulation, or other system malfunctions. When the Read More

Musicam (MPEG-1 Audio Layer II) is a lossy audio format that was created alongside MPEG-1 Audio Layer I and Audio Layer III. While MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3) is a very popular audio format that is used for PCs, gaming, and stereo applications, Musicam is still the primary audio format used in audio broadcasting systems such as radio stations and recording studios. Although the original Musicam format is no longer in use, the MPEG-1 Audio Layer II (MP2 format) is still widely accepted as the most popular audio broadcasting codec Read More

Computer chips are made out of numerous different components called transistors and a semiconductor such as Silicon. All of these transistors and semiconductors are squeezed onto the computer chip to maximize performance. As computer chips get smaller, engineering brings about new methods in which they can force these components onto a computer chip. What are Transistors? A transistor is the electrical component of an integrated circuit (IC) that is responsible for its computing. The transistor can be compared to an "on and off" switch. When conditions are right, the transistor Read More

One of the nice things about having a scanner is that you are able to take a physical document, put it on the scanner and with a push of the button, have it now available on your computer as an image. This is different from a copier because instead of creating identical hard copies, the scanner takes an identical electronic copy to work with in a picture editing software. How to Scan a Document The first step in scanning a document is ensuring that the scanner is installed and hooked Read More

The Linear Tape-Open (LTO) was introduced by IBM, Seagate and Hewlett-Packard in 1998 as a powerful and scalable open tape architecture aimed at meeting the rising storage demands of contemporary servers. Brought forth as a means to supersede the Digital Linear Tape (DLT) format, up to 200 GB of capacity for data storage per cartridge was made possible at that time. The first generation of LTO tape stored data in 384 data tracks, which were divided into four data bands of 96 tracks each. The four data bands would be Read More