Many people assume that Microsoft Word is only for text and Microsoft Excel is for data and graphs. Surprisingly, Microsoft Word can actually be used to create line graphs. It is helpful when putting a presentation or data analysis together to include a line graph along with text. Line graphs are very useful if one wants to show continuous data over a period of time with a common scale. Line graphs connect data points to form a line that represents the data. Follow the instructions below to create a line Read More

Microsoft Word documents can utilize three passwords: Password to open Password to modify Protect document password   Password to Open   The Password to open requires a user to enter a password to view the document.   When the user sets a Password to open, the entire Microsoft Word document is encrypted with the RC4 stream cipher.   Password to Modify   The Password to modify requires a user to enter a password to make changes to the document.   When a user sets a Password to modify, the password Read More

Public Folder Overview In Exchange Server 2003, public folders can be used to share information between a group of users. In smaller organizations where only one Exchange server is typically installed, one public folder instance can exist. Where there are multiple Exchange servers and you need to provide fast access to public folder information, then you would probably have to create an additional public folder instance. Public folders can be created through: Outlook 2003 Outlook XP Outlook 2000 Exchange System Manager Windows Explorer Internet clients Web browsers The public folder Read More

Hidden files and folders are those that the Windows Operating System (OS) keeps the user from seeing when navigating the file system with “My Computer” or “Windows Explorer.” The folders and files that are hidden by the OS will contain system files that should not normally be accessed or modified by the end-user. Unfortunately, a large amount of computer malware and spyware makes use of this feature of the Windows OS in order to hide their presence from the end-user. A common task that you may have arise as a Read More

The Spoolsv.exe file is an executable program that runs the printing processes on a computer using the Windows Operating System (OS). The program normally runs in the background on most computers and the user should leave it in this state unless he/she determines that the file is the source of system problems on the computer. If the file is closed, it will display an error that states: “Spoolsv.exe – Application Error. The memory could not be written. The instruction at “0x77fcc2co” referenced memory at “0x00000000.” Computer malware infections cause many Read More

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a structural naming classification for computers, services, or any device connected to the Internet or private network. It basically deciphers human understandable domain names into binary identifiers associated with networking components, in order to successfully locate and address the components. In simple terms, DNS deciphers computer hostnames into IP addresses, and vice versa. This helps Internet users to easily recollect web site names instead of IP addresses. The DNS handles the task of allocating domain names and associating them with IP addresses by assigning Read More

When DirectX was first introduced, it was marketed to people involved in the gaming industry. Those who develop all types of graphical computer software currently use it. DirectX is “backward compatible” software, allowing the user to install a newer version of DirectX and still be able to play games created for an older version of the software. As an application programming interface, DirectX increases the performance of hardware associated with audio and video animation. Nearly all of the latest video and sound computer hardware devices for PCs are manufactured to Read More

Setting up a static IP address on a computer network can be very helpful, especially if port forwarding is required on the network. A static IP address makes it possible for a port configuration to work, but since dynamic IPs create a new IP address each time a computer starts up, port forwarding on a network can become inoperable. Before tips on how to set up a static IP address are discussed, here is some information regarding IPs in general. What is an IP Address? Internet Protocol (IP) address is Read More

HyperTerminal is an application that connects a computer to other remote systems. These systems include other computers, bulletin board systems, servers, Telnet sites, and online services. However, a modem, an Ethernet connection, or a null modem cable is needed before HyperTerminal can be used. Menus, buttons, icons, and messages can be found within HyperTerminal’s user interface. All these elements and controls work together so as to provide convenience for the user, especially for accessing the necessary features and performing various tasks. This application is a useful tool, particularly for testing Read More

Windows Registry is a group of data files within the Windows Operating System that contain essential information for running Windows on a computer. Windows Registry runs all programs, user interfaces, and services that the Windows Operating System provides and is critical to a computer’s proper performance. Whenever a program is installed on a computer, Windows Installer places data in the Windows Registry to allow the program to run and access other Windows Operating System components. When these data files are lost, corrupted, or incomplete uninstallations or viruses modify them, the Read More