SYSVOL is the acronym for the SYSFOL folder and all of the files stored in it on the Windows Operating System (OS). It stores the server’s copy of public data and files for the domain. These files consist of group or user policy information. The information stored in the SYSVOL folder is copied to all domain controllers on the respective domain. What are the SYSVOL Requirements? First, the SYSVOL folder has to be located on a Windows NTFS volume. The information stored in the SYSVOL folder is replicated on all Read More

MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol) is a protocol used within a Voice over IP (VoIP) system. This internal protocol was primarily developed to address the demands of carrier-based IP telephone networks. MGCP is a complementary protocol for both H.323 and SIP, which was designed as an internal protocol between the Media Gateway Controller and the Media Gateway. In MGCP, an MGC primarily handles all the call processing by linking with the IP network through constant communications with an IP signaling device, for example an SIP Server or an H.323 gatekeeper. Read More

The Net Send command is used to send network messages to other computers, messaging names, or PC users on a computer network, or LAN. In order for the Net Send utility to work, the Windows Messenger service needs to be installed on the client computer and messages can only be sent to acknowledged names on the local network. If the targeted recipient of the message is not online or does not have Messenger services enabled, they will not receive the Net Send message. A common task for new users of Read More

The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) is a token that identifies a 802.11 (Wi-Fi) network. The SSID is a key that the wireless network administrator sets. Users must know the SSID to connect to an 802.11 wireless network. However, network sniffing/scanning allows users to determine the SSID. By default, the SSID is part of the packet header for every packet sent over the WLAN. SSID access points continuously broadcast radio signals that enabled client machines receive. Based on the automatic or manual configuration, the client can connect to the access point. Read More

DMZ is short for DeMilitarized Zone. In military jargon, a DMZ is an area of land that serves as a buffer between two enemies. The most well known DMZ in the world is the DMZ that protects South Korea from North Korea. In network security jargon, a DMZ is a network that serves as a buffer between a secure protected internal network and the insecure Internet. A DMZ usually contains servers which provide services to users from the Internet, such as web, ftp, email (SMTP, POP3 and IMAP4), and DNS Read More

"Malicious botnets", networks of "zombie" computers controlled and commanded by outsiders with nefarious intentions ranging from Directed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks to simple spamming and ad insertions are considered by Internet security experts as the major threat in the coming months and years. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has recently announced that it has identified at least one million 'captive' computers in the United States. At the same time, various Internet security experts believe that there are anywhere from three to 35 million bots operating in the world-wide Read More

The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a reliable transport protocol that works on a connectionless IP packet network. It transports Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) messages over networks and also has other functions. SCTP was created in order to correct the TCP’s shortcomings, while carrying real-time signaling information over a network. It also runs on top of the UDP network layer if and when required. Services that SCTP Offers The SCTP offers the following services: Fragments data to the discovered path MTU size. Transfers Error free, non-duplicated user data that Read More

A personal firewall is a firewall-like software application which runs on a users PC. Traditional software-based firewalls run as the only application on stand-alone computers which have been hardened to protect against hackers. Personal firewalls run on PC’s along with all of the other applications required by the PC user. Traditional firewalls protect entire networks. Personal firewalls are normally designed to protect only the PC upon which they are installed. Because they run on the same computer as the other applications, personal firewalls have more information available to them than Read More

CDMA-2000 1xRTT is a 3G wireless technology based on the CDMA platform. The 1x in 1xRTT refers to 1x the number of 1.25MHz channels. The RTT in 1xRTT stands for Radio Transmission Technology. The CDMA-2000 1xRTT protocol was developed by Qualcomm. CDMA-2000 1xRTT is a CDMA version of the IMT-2000 standard which was developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Verizon and Sprint both operate CDMA-2000 1xRTT services in the United States. CDMA-2000 1xRTT Specifications Fixed/Mobile Mobile Circuit/Packet Packet Max Bandwidth 144Kb Range Coverage area of host network Frequency Frequency Read More

FiOS is a special type of data network that is offered to Fiber Optic Subscribers. The existing FiOS network is at a industry high where speed is concerned, as it offers 150 Megabits/second downloads with as much as 35 Megabits/second upload. The speeds of up to 50 Megabits/ second are offered to consumers at very high prices. 25 and 15 Megabits/second are lower options, yet they are still faster than the fastest lines available with other technologies. The fiber optic networks that are currently in place are not yet fully Read More