During the nineteenth century the main theory in physics was still Newtonian Mechanics. With the advances in electricity, magnetism and the studies about light, it was clear that the theory had its limitations. The limitations appeared in the limits of the too small (atomic size) or the too fast (light speed). The study of the small limit took a long path and it has several contributors. It started in the beginning of the 1900s and laid the foundation of the modern quantum and particle physics. Max Plank and Albert Einstein Read More

A beta particle is a form of ionizing radiation. Beta particles are closely related to other types of radiation such as gamma rays and alpha particles. In more scientific terms, a beta particle is a high-speed electron (and sometimes positron) that has been released from a degenerative radioactive nucleus. Beta particles are low mass and medium-energy and are one of the least-damaging types of radiation. Beta particles do, however, pose a large health risk. They contain the following: carbon-14, tritium, technetium-99, potassium-40, and strontium-90. What Are Beta Particles? Beta particles Read More

The Boltzmann Constant (Boltzmann’s Constant) is a fundamental physics constant that plays a pivotal role in almost every single statistical formulation in both quantum and classical physics. It is named after Austrian physicist, Ludwig Boltzmann (1844 – 1906), who made significant contributions to the foundation and development of a particular branch of theoretical physics known as statistical mechanics. Definition The Boltzmann Constant, symbolized by k or kB, is the relationship between absolute temperature and kinetic energy in each molecule of an ideal gas. It is equal to the ratio of Read More