Electrotherapy is a medical technique in which an electric current is used to perform a wide variety of tasks associated with pain, neurological disorders, muscle-related conditions, and drug delivery. Electrotherapy includes a range of medical techniques, some of which are under much debate and criticism. While electrotherapy itself is an accepted form of medical treatment, electromagnetic therapy (a subset of electrotherapy) is usually discredited due to little evidence of either positive or negative effects. How Electrotherapy Works In electrotherapy, an electric current is applied directly to a muscle or tissue Read More

Sarbanes Oxley is usually known as Sarbox or Sox, it is a United States federal law passed in 2002, that protects the public against major corporate accounting scandals that proved to be the catalyst of many investors losing billions of dollars worth of value in the stock market. The official name for Sarbox or Sox is the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002. It was sponsored and helped created by Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael G Oxley – hence the name. Sarbox Establishes Mainly, the Read More

A hypervisor is a virtualization technique that runs multiple operating systems on the device. While non-hypervisor virtualization techniques run multiple operating systems on domestic computers and hand-held devices, hypervisors are used exclusively on devices whose sole task is to run multiple guest operating systems for commercial or industrial purposes. Hypervisors are used in gaming technologies, commercial servers, and malware systems. They are effective at reducing system requirements by running simultaneous virtual systems on the same hardware and sharing that hardware’s resources. How Hypervisors Work Hypervisors mimic operating systems by running Read More

Multi-mode fiber is a type of fiber optic cable which is thick enough for light to follow several paths through the code. Multi-mode fiber is best suited for use in short lengths, such as those used in Local Area Networks (LANs) and Storage Area Networks (SANs). Multi-mode fiber comes in two standard widths, 62.5 micron and 50 micron. A micron is one millionth of a meter. 62.5 micron multi-mode fiber can support Gigabit Ethernet over distances as long as 275 meters; 50 micron multi-mode fiber can increase that range to Read More

Plaintext Plaintext, also known as cleartext, is usable data. It is data either before encryption or after successful decryption. Ciphertext Ciphertext is encrypted data. Plaintext can not be deduced from properly encrypted ciphertext. Here is a brief message in ciphertext: pgAAADP1wJU8OtQgiOPV9b+EyS6Iz6acuGAKrm1 GEcI4eJJolT68cOb1H/o/PxZ8 nYIs0UupT+0= =7mu0 Encryption and Decryption Encryption is the process of turning plaintext into ciphertext. Decryption is the process of turning ciphertext into plaintext. Cryptographic Attacks Using Plaintext and Ciphertext A cryptanalyst in possession of a piece of plaintext and the resulting ciphertext can attempt to mount a known Read More

Understanding Business Integration Issues When organizations use the business-to-business and business-to-consumer commerce models when they use the Internet, they are faced with the following integrations issues: Application integration within the organization. Business integration over multiple organizations. While most businesses have different requirements for business process integration and data integration, businesses share a number of business requirements. These business requirements are listed below. From the list below, you will see that while each business requirement is different, they all share a common factor – integration issues have to be addressed to Read More

BitTorrent is a torrent software that allows users to download content from the Internet in the form of torrents, which are small files that keep track of where content is located on the Internet. Torrent files are used in P2P (peer-to-peer) sharing, in which multiple users upload and download content at once and the content itself is located on many different computers, rather than just one server. In P2P sharing, a file may originally be uploaded to a file sharing network, like PirateBay, in the form of a torrent. Other Read More

An oxygen generator is a device that produces oxygen on demand, usually through the use of inorganic reactions. There are several types of oxygen generators but each depends on thermal reactions to produce oxygen. This causes the generator to become very hot, between 500 and 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit, and can present a serious fire hazard if mishandled. There have in fact been several situations in which people have died due to oxygen generator explosions. However, they are still used in various situations in which there is need for oxygen immediately, Read More

An Overview on Backing up and Restoring Active Directory To ensure availability of mission critical resources and network objects, and business continuity, you would need to perform back ups of Active Directory if it is running in your environment. This is because Active Directory normally hosts mission critical data, and resources. Backups are typically preformed for a number of reasons, including the following: Protect your network environment from the accidental deletion of, or modification of data, and from hardware failures: Having a readily accessible back up of Active Directory would Read More

Light-field cameras use multiple lenses to create a single image. All the lenses simultaneously take a snapshot of the same scene, though each lens has a different focus. Traditional cameras usually have an enclosed, hollow chamber with an opening at one end – the aperture and the lens – that allows light to enter; they also have a recording surface on the other end – the sensor – that undergoes changes when exposed to light and captures the image. The image output of single-lens cameras has, by necessity, only one Read More