VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) is basically a two-way satellite ground station with a less than 3 meters tall (most of them are about 0.75 m to 1.2 m tall) dish antenna stationed. The transmission rates of VSATs are usually from very low up to 4 Mbit/s. These VSATs’ primary job is to access the satellites in the geosynchronous orbit and relay data from terminals on earth to other terminals and hubs. They often transmit narrow-band data such as credit card transactions, polling, RFID (radio frequency identification) data, and SCADA Read More

VB.NET Tutorials This tutorial sections assumes that you are already familiar with VB.NET. This tutorial is based on HTTPModule for Digest Authentication in VB.Net. The coolest thing about using an HttpModule for either DIGEST or BASIC Authentication against one’s own Data Store is that as long as the HttpModule is configured at all the destination sites/applications and as long as each location has access to the same database information ( The “Users” table), the user can authenticate once and travel anywhere he/she wants without having to ever see a logon Read More

A dielectric constant measures the extent that a material concentrates electrostatic flux and is also known as the relative static permittivity, static dielectric constant, and relative dielectric constant. It is essential when determining if a substance can be used in a capacitor or various chemistry and physics applications. A material’s dielectric constant value must be known before using it to make optical fibers or coaxial cables. Although the term is commonly used, it may have different mathematical connotations depending on the context of its application. The dielectric constant refers to Read More

Deleting Internet history clears the record of web sites visited. This procedure helps keep Internet browsing private.  Below are steps to manually delete Internet files from the computer: Delete Internet History in Internet Explorer By default, Internet Explorer keeps Internet history for 20 days. To delete Internet history in Internet Explorer, open the Tools menu, select “Internet Options,” click the “Delete…” button under “Browsing history,” make sure that “History” is selected in the dialog that pops up, and click the “Delete” button. Under “Browsing history” it is also possible to Read More

Structure is a collection of variables referenced under a common name. Sometimes, some logically related elements need to be treated under one single unit. For instance, the elements that store student information (e.g., rollnumber, name, class, marks and grade) need to be processed together under one roof. Defining a structure: struct tag-name { Member1 ; Member2 ; Member3 ; } ; struct is a required keyword to define a structure. tag-name is the name that identifies the structure. member1, member2 and member3 are the members of the structure. Complex data Read More

The AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) media format is the default music encoding for the iTunes media player. AAC is a higher quality format than the legacy MP3 format and has the ability to provide up to 48 channels of audio while being capable of supporting a greater frequency range than the MP3 format. A common task for consumers is to convert MP3 to AAC format to support play-back on iDevices such as iPhones, iPads, and iPods. Convert MP3 to AAC Using iTunes Step 1 – Launch the iTunes media application Read More

Telephone wires are easy to work with and very safe due to the low voltages involved. The most complex part of installing telephone wires is complying with the defined standards. When installing additional telephone wires into an existing facility, it is usually best to determine which telephone wiring standard is currently in use and conform to that standard. When installing telephone wiring into a new facility, EIA/TIA T586A is the standard to utilize. How the Wire Gets into a Residence Historically, telephone companies ran telephone wires above ground with telephone Read More

Configuring Dial-up Connections and Dial-up Entries Before you can configure ISA Server dial-up connections, you have to create the necessary policy elements. ISA Server dial-up connections are typically configured when you want to access services that are not Web services, on clients that do not have the Firewall Client installed. These services are usually the Post Office Protocol (POP3) service or the Network News Transfer Protocols (NNTP). When you create dial-up entries, you can apply connection rules and policies for these connections with ISA Server. A dial-up entry uses policy Read More

A phototransistor is a device that converts light energy into electric energy. Phototransistors are similar to photoresistors but produce both current and voltage, while photoresistors only produce current. This is because a phototransistor is made of a bipolar semiconductor and focuses the energy that is passed through it. Photons (light particles) activate phototransistors and are used in virtually all electronic devices that depend on light in some way. How a Phototransistor Works A phototransistor is a bipolar device that is completely made of silicon or another semi-conductive material and is Read More

Mozilla Firefox is a web browser that the Mozilla Foundation runs and NetScape owns. It provides users with add-ons and plug-ins that other web browsers do not, while allowing them to browse the Internet, search for and read email, and play online games. Mozilla Firefox also provides users with advanced options for controlling how webpages are displayed and recorded, as well as how they interact with computers. These advanced options are easy to access and do not require the user to have an advanced understanding of web options.   How Read More