Optical Ultrasonic Cleaners (sometimes referred to as Supersonic Cleaners) are electronic devices that use the power of ultrasound to clean items that are fragile or delicate. Ultrasound is sound waves that usually measure from 15-400 kHz. These sound frequencies have specific attributes that are beneficial in removing dirt and other forms of residue from a variety of materials. While most ultrasonic cleaners are used to clean a variety of items including, jewelry, surgical materials, clock parts and small electrical components, many ultrasonic cleaners are specifically created to clean optical items Read More

Interoperating with Novell NetWare Windows Server 2003 includes a few specific services that enable Novell NetWare servers and clients, and Windows computer to interoperate: NWLink IPX/SPX/NetBIOS Compatible Transport Protocol (NWLink): NWLink IPX/SPX is the Microsoft implementation of Novell's NetWare Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX) protocol. NWLink IPX/SPX is simply called NWLink. NWLink is used in Novell NetWare, and can be considered IPX for Windows. NWLink is an IPX/SPX compatible transport protocol that was developed to enable Windows 2000 computers to communicate with NetWare services. It is therefore used when Read More

Web conferencing is a group meeting where multiple participants use web-based text messaging to communicate with each other. Web conferencing is commonly used to perform live meetings, training, or presentations via the Internet. Web conferencing can be an alternative to teleconferencing, or the two can be combined to provide an even better conferencing experience. This is particularly true when the teleconferencing capability is provided using Voice Over IP (VOIP) technology. In the near beginning of the Internet, the expression "web conferencing" was frequently used to express a group discussion in Read More

SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol for creating a secure connection between two computers. The secure SSH connection provides authentication and encryption. SSH also provides compression. The SSH protocol is defined by the IETF Secure Shell Working Group(secsh). SSH was designed as a replacement for the legacy `telnet` application. The computer being connected to must be running an ssh daemon, or server, process. The computer which is attempting to connect must be running an SSH client. SCP and SFTP – Secure File Transfer Using SSH SCP and SFTP are replacements Read More

In the field of spectroscopy, fluorescence can be analyzed from a sample of material through a special form of electromagnetic spectroscopy. This fluorescence spectroscopy uses a beam of light that is tailored for the type of fluorescence detection needed in compounds. The usual option is an ultraviolet light that is used to excite electrons in the molecules. This causes them to produce a light emitting phenomenon of lower energy, which can be within the visible and non-visible light spectra. A complimentary technique that is often used with fluorescence spectroscopy is Read More

Ethernet is a media access method that is specified at the Data Link layer and uses specific Physical layer cabling and signalling techniques. It is important to be able to differentiate between the types of connectors that can be used to connect an Ethernet network together. I'll discuss the different unshielded twisted-pair cabling used today in an Ethernet LAN. Network Cabling It's important to understand the difference between the media access speeds Ethernet provides in computer cabling systems. However, it's also important to understand the connector requirements for each implementation Read More

Google Chrome stores browsing data that includes specific pages, cached text, and images. The saved data allows enhanced browser speeds by reducing the amount of data that must be transferred. Google Chrome also stores passwords and cookies that enable websites to customize the browsing experience. In order to delete Google Chrome’s entire browser cache (all browsing data), follow these instructions: 1. Click the Wrench icon on the browser toolbar. 2. Select Tools. 3. Select Clear browsing data. 4. In the dialog box that appears, select the checkboxes for the types of Read More

A potentiometer, called pot for short, is an electrical component that acts as a variable voltage divider. They usually have three terminals, one of which is connected to a moving center contact. A potentiometer with two terminals is a variable resistor, called a rheostat. Potentiometers come in many forms including rotaries, trimmers, sliders. Potentiometer is also the term for an old instrument that measured an unknown voltage after being calibrated with a known voltage. These have been replaced by multimeters today. Potentiometer Types Rotary potentiometers have a semi-circular contact made Read More

A wireless router is a computer networking device that routes data packets across another computer or across a wireless IP network. The wireless router comes with an 802.11 interface card and antenna. The wireless router antenna is generally what determines the signal strength of the wireless router. If your signal strength is weak, then you may need to replace your wireless antenna on one or both ends. When you buy a router, the antennas that come with it are designed to be omnidirectional. This simply means that they can broadcast Read More

A PST file is the format for MS Outlook mail archives. Many times these files become damaged or have errors and as an administrator you will have to fix or repair them. Microsoft does provide support in the form of an Inbox Repair Tool. This Inbox Repair Tool usually is able to fix the majority of damaged .pst files. You can pull up your Inbox Repair Tool by clicking on the Start Menu and follow Programs/ Accessories / System Tools. If the Inbox Repair Tool is not in the System Read More