The Toshiba Corporation was originally founded in 1939 through the merger of Tanaka Engineering Works and Hakunetsusha (later renamed to Tokyo Electric). Over the course of the 20th and 21st Centuries, the corporation has seen significant expansion into a number of technical fields to include being one of the top five producers of consumer laptops in the world. Similar to other major brands of laptop, a common task that arises for laptop users is determining how to reset a Toshiba BIOS password. Major Toshiba Laptop Brands Toshiba Portégé The Toshiba Read More

There are a wide variety of  batteries that can power laptops for a long period of time. Depending on the laptop and the types of batteries that it uses, the charge length and other variables usually affect how long they last. Laptop batteries are useful as they are a direct power source to the laptop.  Low power laptops consume less power and can reserve battery charge longer. Modern day laptop batteries last anywhere from 6-8 hours easily and can extend battery charge by using the laptop for lower power consumption Read More

A laptop’s fan speed can influence the computer’s consistency and reliability. A laptop’s fan can be slowed down or sped up based on specific circumstances such as the amount of times the laptop is used. Slowing down the fan’s speed can be useful for reserving processes if the computer is not used often. On the other hand, if the computer is used very frequently, speeding up the fan can help keep the laptop cool.   It is important to find a balance regarding long term fan speed. Constantly adjusting fan Read More

LUN (Logical Unit Number) Masking is an authorization process that makes a LUN available to some hosts and unavailable to other hosts. LUN Masking is implemented primarily at the HBA (Host Bus Adapter) level. LUN Masking implemented at this level is vulnerable to any attack that compromises the HBA. Some storage controllers also support LUN Masking. LUN Masking is important because Windows based servers attempt to write volume labels to all available LUN’s. This can render the LUN’s unusable by other operating systems and can result in data loss. LUN Read More

HRTF (Head Related Transfer Functions) refers to a technique used in audio recordings in order to produce binaural signals from a monaural source. While monaural signals refer to sounds that a signal source produces and both ears hear them at varying distances and frequencies, binaural signals refer to sounds that two separate sources produce and that each ear hears at the same distance and frequency. Stereo systems often produce monaural sounds while earphones produce binaural sounds. How HRTF Works HRTF algorithms rely on four principles: distance, azimuth, elevation, and frequency. Distance refers to how Read More

MIDI, or Musical Instrument Digital Interface, was introduced to the technological industry in 1983. It is defined as an industry-standard protocol that allows electronic musical instruments, computers and other electronic equipment to communicate, control and synchronize with each other. It was designed by Dave Smith of Sequential Circuits, Inc to allow the keyboard of one synthesizer to play notes generated by another. MIDI enables computers, synthesizers, MIDI controllers, sound cards, samplers and drum machines to control one another and exchange system data. Since MIDI does not send sound waves, like Read More

A USB flash drive is a small, external hard drive that can hold files, pictures and music depending on the size of the flash drive. It is called a flash drive because it is made up of flash memory which can easily be erased and reprogrammed. In other words, with a few clicks and drags, a flash drive can go from being completely full to completely empty and capable of carrying more information. Flash drives used to be expensive when they first came out, but it has become cheaper to Read More

Unbuffered memory, or unregistered memory, is memory in which no hardware register exists between a RAM chip and a memory controller. Unbuffered memory is not as stable as buffered memory, but is faster and cheaper to implement. While buffered memory may be necessary in some computer systems, such as high-end corporate servers and workstations, where large amounts of memory are accessed on a regular basis, personal computers usually have unbuffered memory because they can be smaller, faster, and less expensive.   How Unbuffered Memory Works In a typical system that Read More

No matter where LCD screens are kept, they will always need cleaning from time to time. Cleaning an LCD may seem like a daunting task, but there are a few simple ways to clean it without damaging to scratching to surface. Retail There are many cleaning solutions available in shops. However these may seem a bit expensive and are sometimes quite unnecessary. PixelClean is one of the better and less expensive brands. It is highly recommended. Most products will come with instructions on how to use them. Alcohol Solution It Read More

An output device is any peripheral device that is connected to a computer in order to give visual or audible feedback to the user. Output devices vary dramatically in size and function, although all output devices must be connected to the computer via USB ports, VGA cables, IDE cables, etc. Some types of output devices are included with the computer upon purchase while others must be bought separately and connected to the computer at a later time. An output device is generally much larger than an input device and is Read More