Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is a measured difference in audio levels between the input audio signal’s harmonics and the harmonics of the output audio signal of an amplifier or other audio device. Output Distortion Level As the signal passes through an amplifier it is always somewhat distorted at its output. The waveform at the input will not perfectly match the level at the output. How great the distortion will be depends on the amplifier’s quality and specifications, but it is usually not noticeable to the human ear. If it is, Read More

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. It is also referred to as energy in motion, or as the work required to take an object from being at rest to action/movement. Mathematically, kinetic energy is calculated as ½ of the mass of a body, multiplied by the speed of the body squared, KE=1/2 mv^2. Where Did the Kinetic Energy Term Originate? The term originated with the Greek words kinesis (motion) and energeia (active work). Put together, the two words translate to “Through motion do active work.” More simply, any thing, Read More

In a regular oven, a thin layer of air insulates food from the heat beneath it. This layer of air causes food to be cooked unevenly and slows cooking time down considerably. A convection oven is a type of oven that solves this problem by circulating the air within the chamber by using either one or two fans that are located below the heating element. Convection ovens cause food to be cooked quickly and thouroughly without being burnt and use less electricity than conventional ovens. This article will explain how Read More

The U.S. drone program has seen significant press since the first Gulf War when the defenders of Faylaka Island surrendered to the Pioneer drone, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), flying spotting services for the USS Wisconsin (BB 64). Since that time, the technology powering U.S. drones has steadily improved now allowing the MQ-1B Predator and MQ-9 Reaper to conduct surgical strikes in addition to Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions. Other common U.S. drones being flown by the U.S. military and government include the RQ-4 Global Hawk, MQ-8 Fire Scout, Read More

Angular acceleration is the rate of change of a body’s angular velocity compared to time. It is considered a vector quantity since it has a direction and magnitude. Angular acceleration is similar to linear acceleration except that it travels on an arc. Scientifically, it is equal to (final angular velocity – initial angular velocity) / time. A body’s angular velocity is the rate of change of angular distance with respect to time and acceleration is the rate of this change over the same time frame. How is Angular Acceleration Measured? Read More

The Kelvin Scale is a thermometric scale used in physical science to describe the absolute temperature of an object, substance, or area. While Fahrenheit and Celsius scales measure temperature, the Kelvin Scale defines temperatures relative to an object’s thermodynamic movement. As a result, the Kelvin Scale does not use degrees, but simply a number followed by “K” for Kelvin. The Kelvin Scale begins at absolute zero (equivalent to -273.15° C), which is the temperature at which all objects stop moving, and ends at the triple point of water (equivalent to Read More

Electromotive force is the electrical potential energy that causes current to flow through a circuit. It results from the difference in charge between two points in a material. This difference is created when an external source such as a battery makes electrons move to both points so that there is an excess at the first point and a deficiency at the other. The volt is the unit that describes the energy that the source of electric power supplies that drives the unit charge within or around the circuit. Electromotive force Read More

Terahertz radiation is a selection of the electromagnetic wave spectrum that propagates at frequencies regarded as the terahertz band. ‘Radiation physics of energetic waves’ defines the terahertz band as tremendously high frequency. The terahertz band can be applied within the bracket of 300 gigahertz (high frequency microwave) and 3000 gigahertz (long wavelength far infrared light). This band’s wavelength can be as small as o.1mm infrared to 1.0mm microwave. Terahertz radiation is also known as: Submillimeter radiation Terahertz waves (T-waves) Terahertz light (T-light) T-rays T-Lux THz The terahertz band radiation travels Read More

GFCI outlets give people additional protection from electrical shock. They also reduce the risk of structure or house fires that electrical system faults cause and mitigate the risk that faulty electrical circuits pose to equipment. A ground fault circuit interrupter is used in a GFCI outlet in order to cut electrical power when a fault is detected. It may also be installed at a breaker box or used as a portable outlet. How does a GFCI Outlet Work? A GFCI outlet monitors the flow of current through the outlet’s circuit. Read More

Sound is characterised as a series of waves that move through a particular medium. A medium is some sort of a subtance–whether it be water, plasma, air, a solid, or anything else–that these waves move through. The waves cause the particles in this substance to vibrate which is how the sound is potentially heard. A medium is absolutely necessary for sound to travel. Without it, there is no sound. In other words, sound cannot travel in a vacuum. Creating Sound and Receiving Sound Before sound can travel, it needs to Read More